Data Analysis, Conclusion, and Plan of Action (recommendation) Essay

Data Analysis, Conclusion, and Plan of Action (recommendation) - Essay Example One of the most popular studies has been undertaken by Skinner, which focuses on the issue of punishment and motivation. According to his argument, when a person is made to undergo a punishment, then they reflect upon their actions and try to mend their behavior in a manner that is more acceptable to the society. However, skinner further clarifies that one should teach good behavior through positive reinforcement. Consider the clip system as part of the ‘Intervention strategy’, which constituted thinking and formulation of a set of rules. Under an experiment, students in a class were made to develop a strategy to wait for their turn to recite a poem. While there were initial problems ranging from interruptions to a noisy classrooms to students disrespecting each other, inducing a sense of motivation into students to present a high five clip to the student at the start of a turn helped in bringing an order into the system where every student soon waited for their turn. As such, through the use of motivation, it can be seen that rules can be formulated gradually. Skinner’s study on operant conditioning in 1938 was to establish of positive reinforcement, which he believed helped maintain the desired behavior in a very effective manner. Parents and teachers make use of the concept of rewarding young children to help manage their behavior. Examples in this regard would be to give sweets or mark stars for a pupil who scored the highest grades in a particular subject or exam. Harry Wong has deduced that students tend to learn the best in a controlled environment when the number of rules is kept between 3 to 5, which helps students to remember them with ease. By devising a small set of tangible rules, students were able to practice their decision making abilities on the basis of these rules and make the necessary changes in an effort to accommodate themselves into the new rule based system. Another technique under behavioral psychology is self

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay

The History Of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation Marketing Essay The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be customize till specific things as per your clients requirement. The target market for the product would be mainly hospital, hotels and offices and big organizations. The target market would be sec a1 and a2 people who have high income and are educated as the product is a bit technical and requires knowledge to make it work. Moreover the system could also be installed in any specific room of the house. All that the product requires is initial setup as per customers requirement moreover further modification can be done to change the settings. The result that we expect from the launch of the product is high as such a system is not yet available anywhere in the world. Specific remotes are present that can control one or two such things but no such automated system that controls all the things automatically. As this system is unique and would be considered luxury so more and more hotel owners and big organizations would be interested to avail such a luxury product. And they would be given specific discounts if they install, in large quantities such as entire floor of a hotel or building. Moreover hospitals are another target market that we would be targeting specifically in the rooms of the patients so that they dont have to move that much, they just have to adjust the settings according to what they want and then it would be easier for them to stay. History of Mitsubishi Electric Corporation The history of Mitsubishi Electric is the history of the development of modern Japan. The company was founded in 1921, when Mitsubishi Shipbuilding Co. (now Mitsubishi Heavy Industries, Ltd.) spun off a factory in Kobe, Japan that made electric motors for ocean-going vessels into a new company called Mitsubishi Electric Corporation. In that year, the new company entered the consumer sector by manufacturing and marketing an electric fan, which became a hit product. Over the next decade the company succeeded in landing major contracts, including one for the development of an electric railway substation. In the 1930s Mitsubishi Electric started manufacturing, installing and maintaining elevators and escalators as well as producing electric power generation equipment. The company continued to grow and branch out at a brisk pace, and by 1960 had emerged as one of the most innovative diversified electrical equipment manufacturers in Japan. In the early 1960s the company also turned its attention to environmentally conscious manufacturing techniques many years before environmental concern became a serious issue. Over the next two decades the company began extending its reach overseas while establishing itself as a pioneer in the development of computers, advanced air conditioning systems, automobile electronics, satellites powered by photovoltaic technology, and nuclear power generation. From 1980 to the present day, the pace at which Mitsubishi Electric has introduced and refined breakthrough technologies and products for the benefit of society, industry and individuals has been nothing less than astonishing. These technologies include the worlds first large-scale LED screen for sports arenas, the worlds largest CRT television screen for the consumer market, the worlds first spiral escalator, the worlds fastest elevators, the antenna technology behind the worlds first commercial in-flight Internet service, and much more. Today Mitsubishi Electric is a global giant, with operations in 35 countries, more than 100,000 employees, and consolidated net sales of more than US$32 billion. The Product/Business Idea The mission of the company is to design a specific luxurious product that would facilitate the prospective customers. So that they dont have to keep several remotes and keep on changing the settings of each and every thing in the room, the purpose is to facilitate them ,the advantage company has by the launch of the product is its uniqueness and large target market. The company aims to achieve large revenue from the launch of the product moreover ensuring after sales service and to make loyal customers of the product. Smart objectives The company aims to launch the product in such a way that it fulfills maximum requirements of the customers and can be easy to handle, as the product is of different kind the company has decided to make a test product and testing it for sometime so to avoid complications in the product. The current objective is to install it to some specific locations by making agreements, so that it could help to serve its customers in most beneficial way. Then after sometime launch the product to broader commercial level. Estimated sales During our testing phase we plan to install our product initially in hospital, hotels, houses offices and school according to their specification. After their approval we would install the whole product with all functions activated they want. It is a complete product according to the consumer want. We have estimated a steady growth in our sale because our product is new to the market and overall economy of the world is in recession. We have estimated about 3 pieces a day and steady increase in the number of products sold after the awareness and huge spending on the promotional activities. The economic condition in Pakistan and the product is new although it is launched by the renowned company with more than 80 year experience globally and brand name of Japan which we all know is master in these kinds of products. Product Positioning Our basic concern with positioning the product favorably in the minds of the consumers relative to the competitors. We are focusing our product Universal controller as superiority with respect of other indirect competitors. Our product is positioned by use and application. Figure shows a position of our project which is realized by investigation in the form of extensive surveys and primary research through focus interviews etc. Our product is positioned with attributes like Luxurious, Expensive and Sony also comes in this segment according to the diagram. Whereas other competitors brand such as Samsung, JVC, Nobel, Pel, Dawlence are positioned in terms of functional and traditional. Sony Haier JVC Panasonic Nobel Universal Controller Expensive Luxury Functional Traditional Pel Market Analysis Our overall market constitutes of SEC A1 and A2. Our segmentation strategy is to target niche market for such an expensive product and our first priority is to satisfy our customers by providing good quality of both goods and services and base our marketing strategies according to that. Mitsubishi Company is diversifying i.e. it is adding up a new product line which is unrelated to existing ones. Therefore Universal controller is targeted to entirely distinct segments. We have diversified as our firm seeks to be unique in its industry and market segmentation along with particular dimensions that customers value. These dimensions might pertain to quality, design, and service, variety of offerings etc. imposition of our marketing strategies under the age group of 25 years and above with higher bracket income who can afford to use the product. Main users of this product comprises of management of Companies/Hospitals, Five star hotels, Big Multinationals and corporations, Homes etc. we p lanned to have a strong and adequate distribution network channel to make it available in Urban areas because majority of high income holders live in these areas. We have also determined strategies based on behavioral influence, their attitudes. One may use the product and offer others to use same product after getting fully satisfied and act as a Reference group. Reference group is one of the important and have a great influence in consumer purchases, eventually persuade others to make a decision to purchase after getting cost-benefit analysis and evaluation of alternatives. Reason for launching this new product with its distinctive qualities are to have an competitive edge with other companies and to create value for money i.e. people should pay exactly the cost that would equate to benefits derive from consuming it. Our new product is address to completely new market and it is combination of some of the existing products which work separately so by actually realizing the preferen ces and new uses of the product, we made this product to meet demand that other fails to deliver. Universal controller is identified as a want of the customers which offer them complete control for whatever they want since it is customized and meet all their requirement related to electronic appliances such as room temperature control, time settings, Camera options with security control, automatic doors and windows, lightening etc. Competitors Analysis We will compete in electrical industry, where market operates with numerous products effecting our new product indirectly. there is no direct competition but there are many indirect competitors that are currently satisfying the needs of our proposed target such as all the operating units include air condition, systems which control lights, sensor for security alarms etc whereas each unit is matched by the frequency of one controller manually but our product is compatible with variety of appliances by matching up appropriate frequency. Our product holds advantage which is far more then the competitive advantage obtains by our competitors. The foremost effect which we might face after launching our product in the market is that other competitors would copy our idea, hence would make efforts to adopt our technology through tests and inspections by the engineers. There is a threat in case of existing new firms servicing same product and making suitable plans to capture our market share a nd profits. Initially well charge higher prices to cover our initial cost of investment as soon as possible before other firms fill up that space. Product Life Cycle Introduction Growth Maturity Decline Phase out Mitsubishis Universal Controller Other problems which might occur that charging a relatively high prices in introduction stage of our product lifecycle only early majorities would prefer to consume for their Life style who are minorities and on the other hand late majorities would wait for its popularity before consuming it when multiple of other substitutes will be available. In introduction phase of the lifecycle, there are usually high production and marketing cost, and since sales are not materialized, profits are low thus it is important to recognize the necessity of altering the marketing mix to meet these changing conditions. Product Adoption Obviously not all the customers immediately purchase the product in the introductory stage of the product lifecycle, initial purchase of Universal Controller would be undertaken by innovator and Early majorities, those who are first to buy the new product and comprises of those people who are venture some and willing to take risk. Product Improvement We have a policy of changing and alter the product within the specified period of time to make people aware on regular bases regarding the product improvement. We planned to improve and alter by changing the feature of the product, its outlay, design, packaging and so forth. The reason for such a change to attract more customers, provide them upgrade models through marketing research development and modifying into new versions. Marketing plan Marketing plan is an essential component for all businesses. All businesses that are successful have followed a plan. Their success did not happen because of luck, it happened because the success was planned. A marketing plan helps establish, coordinate, and direct marketing efforts. It forces the organization to take a good, hard look at the market of your field and what is currently happening to it. Its a time to establish marketing goals and objectives, which can be later used for benchmarking yourself. Marketing plans helps keep the organization on the right track by following the guidelines it sets. It is also critical when trying to borrow money. When an organization plans to allow you to borrow money or invest in your organization, they require to examine your business plan. The marketing plan is a critical part of the business plan. Marketing Plan Elements: Executive Summary: brief explanation of what the organization does its mission statement, the managements infrastructure, and a short summary about the marketing objectives and the proposed plan. Current Marketing Situation: provides information about the current location, the target markets, and competitors in the market. Competitor and Issue Analysis: a more detailed description about the competition. Also includes potential challenges that could arise in the future due to business issue. Marketing Objectives: where the marketing goals and financial objectives are set. Objectives should be challenging, yet attainable for the organization. Marketing Strategy: plan for meeting the marketing objectives. Incorporates the marketing mix. Action Programs: an explanation of the different tasks of the marketing strategy. What will be done? When will it be done by? Who will do it? What will it cost? Budget: A more detailed look at the cost of the proposed marketing activities. Measurements: sets levels to measure if objectives are being met. Sets timeline to meet these measurable objectives. Supportive Documents: references to support the marketing plan. Includes the marketing research report. Controls: monitoring system for the marketing plan. Monthly or quarterly checklists to insure that the plan is operating effectively. Also included contingency plans. Plans of action in the event of a crisis. It is important to regularly update marketing plan. The market changes almost by the hour. The first marketing plan you create probably will not be effective in the future. Macro Environmental Factors Affecting Our Marketing Plans Economic Condition: Economic condition is a significant force that is affecting the marketing activities of just any organization. Economic conditions are reflected in business cycle Prosperity, recession, depression and recovery. High Inflation rate affects, as less people will buy the product so good idea would be to cut cost rather than evaporate. Competition: A companys competitive environment has major influence on its marketing program. Brand Competition (Pel, Waves and Haier) Substitute Product (Automatic air conditioner, Sensor door ) General Competition Marketing Objectives Marketing objectives which derive from the corporate objectives relate to needs of the target markets as well as to specific sales goals. These may be referred to as general need satisfying objectives and specific sales target objectives. Our marketing efforts will focus on communicating that promise to our clientele. While making marketing objectives a lot of care and extensive information is required so that the objectives which are drafted fit the companys strategic plans at all levels. As marketing objectives are set as benchmark and every individual in the firm has to work for attaining the desired results. We have set some wide and important marketing objectives. Mitsubishi is a company that has been known as a consumer friendly firm for the reason that the company has always strived hard to make their customers happy. So that in return they give loyalty and long term commitment to the product as well as the company. Ultimate controller gives understanding customers need great importance and seriously work on it. If your customer is not satisfied one cannot exist in the market for long. Developing new products, as Mitsubishi enjoys goodwill and a good reputation across the world, the ability to produce new products under its banners as customers at large trust the company. Another important aim of the marketing department is to create brand awareness. Even though a company like Mitsubishi and its product do not need any introduction but to capture the crunch which other acquires it is necessary to make people know about the new product which is known as ultimate controller. Increase product awareness among the target audience. Inform target audience about features and benefits of our service and its advantages. Decrease or remove potential customers resistance to buying our product. Need satisfying objectives means shifting managements view of organization from a producer point of view to a satisfier of target market needs. In the case of Mitsubishi who promises and aims to provide top of line products in the market take help of research and test marketing in order to adjust need satisfying overall objectives. Mitsubishi is a highly financed company who believe in quality provision to the consumer rather than quantity make ads which best fit the mind frame of the target market, putting no negative effect on any individual. For the product which we have come up is designed after a intense research on different fronts in order to know what actually consumers demand and what are their preferences. After evaluating the research they come to a conclusion which is best suited to consumers. So that consumer is happy with the product, the company and remains loyal to both. Test marketing is another technique used by the company in order to judge the minds of the consume rs. The main focus of this type of marketing is, consumer are the best judge and evaluators and by getting results before launch will definitely improve many things which might go against company and product if not properly researched. Marketing Overall Strategy Letting the Customers Know us: It is a fact well known that if your marketing is strong and you are able to get public attention the chances of increased profitability are very high. Therefore marketing wing of ultimate controller department is highly financed and this department strives hard so that it puts long lasting and positive impact on companys profits. Profit is not the only aim of a company when it enters the market. Acquiring market share is essential for surviving in the market. We need to create good relations with our customers. But good relationships are built on trust. So it is natural that the customers would want to learn as much as they can about our company. In this modern age the vast majority of shoppers do their research on the  web  before making a purchase. Having a company website is a cost effective way to convey in-depth information about our product. Competitive Based On Value: Most people choose the product that provides the greatest value for their money. In a competitive market, theres price parity among the principal players. But since we are providing a product that is the first of its kind in Pakistan so we need not to cut our prices or rates, but instead we will add additional services that will elevate our offer making it too good to resist. This is called bundling. we may need to test various offers until you find a winning combination. Keep In Touch: We will be communicating with our customer database at least every four to six weeks. Use a combination of sales and marketing tactics to stay in touch, such calls, e-mail and postal mail. We will make a habit of periodically communicate with our customers for any problems they may have faced and their recommendations. We would also ask the customers to forward our product information to friends or family members who would appreciate our product and would help us to increase our customer database. We would emphasize on building strong relationship with our customers and their recommendations would be welcome. Strategies to Maintain and Expand Future Growth: We pursue a variety of growth strategies, including the following: the VI Strategy, which aims to make strong businesses stronger, the AD Strategy, which is designed to reinforce solutions centered on strong businesses; and the Global Strategy. With a wide range of products and businesses that are both competitive and enjoying growth in markets worldwide, the ultimate controller is pressing ahead with these strategies as it strives for further domestic and global success. Marketing Mix Strategies Product: The product/service is about a universal system that is being installed in any room or house and controls all the electrical and other things in the room. These things include air conditioning system/temperature adjustment, sound system, doors and windows, lights etc. moreover these option can be altered and can be limited till specific things as per your clients requirement. The product is under the strong brand name of Mitsubishi electric. Making User Manuals Easy to Understand: The ultimate controller promotes measures to create user manuals that are easy to read and understand, enabling customers to use products safely and comfortably. Our guidebook for producing user manuals forms the basis of these measures, Changes for the Better, our corporate statement, encapsulates all that we stand for and aspire to a brighter future for society, industry and everyday life through innovation. Universal Design that Provides Ease of Use: Universal controller is designed in such a way that they can be used by as many people as possible. Mitsubishi Electric works to make products that are truly easy to use and easy to live with, by assessing products in terms of whether they facilitate worry-free living, are simple and easy to understand, use displays and expressions that are easy to identify, and incorporate ergonomic We are also working consistently to develop and improve universal designs both for the way products are used and for easier installation and maintenance. After sale à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã‚ ¦.Principle of Notification, Collecting Information, Repair and Recall of Products: In a case where there is a report that a major problem has occurred in a product that we have sold, we have a system for quickly and accurately considering and deciding on steps and measures to take, including the participation of upper management. For recalls in particular, we will work on an ongoing basis to make sure all the relevant products that were sold are returned and repaired, and we will apply these efforts to a wide array of sales channels. Price: Premium pricing: Premium pricing is the practice of keeping the price of a product or service artificially high in order to encourage favorable perceptions among buyers, based solely on the price. The practice is intended to exploit the tendency for buyers to assume that expensive items enjoy an exceptional reputation or represent exceptional quality and distinction. People think that higher price mean a superior service or product. It does not. New firms that may come into the market may provide the same quality service at lower cost. This would lead the customers to think that lower priced companies have poor customer service and a defective product. We are going to use the following two factors to enhance premium pricing: First, specialized knowledge about the service, and prove it to the customers by telling them about the impact new hardware would have on their live and guide them through the process of installation. Second, we will not hide the high price. But we will also explain the reason why the solution to their problem is too expensive, and why it would actually benefit them more in the long run. We can also gain valuable insight of our target market by testing the price before releasing that price to your whole target market. The price of our product/service would be 50,000/- if installed in a single room. Whereas special offers would be given on installation of bigger units such as one entire office or hotel floor. Moreover negations could be done on these bigger projects, by minimizing the contents of the product. it would also be favorable for the company to install on big projects as the cost of installing is less than a single room. Distribution: We would choose direct distribution channel because our product is totally new to the global market. The product is high-involvement and is not part of the regular purchase pattern. Its complex nature ensures that the customer has to be deeply involved while buying the product. Moreover, he should also evaluate all the possible alternatives. Through the direct distribution channel, we would be in a position to exercise more control over the channel. We could satisfy our customers with timely delivery and be in a position to reduce our distribution costs. Thus, meaning a reduction in the expenditures in the short and the long run. A pull selling strategy is one that requires high spending on advertising and consumer promotion to build up consumer demand for a product. If the strategy is successful, consumers will ask their retailers for the product, the retailers will ask the wholesalers, and the wholesalers will ask the producers. Push marketing is where you develop advertising and promotional strategies geared toward your marketing and distribution channels to entice them in promoting your product. But since we are marketing the product ourselves and there are no whole sellers, intermediaries or agents we cannot utilize push marketing for our product or services. Our marketing involves creating an environment encouraging sales. The promotion campaign is to be powerful enough to pull the prospects towards the product and service. The traditional hard-selling Pakistani approach calls for pushing the products towards the clients. However, in the modern business era, the pull strategy is a better bet for increasing the sales. Pull marketing attracts ideal clients to the product. The purchase decision comes voluntarily or at least there is a product inquiry by the customer which would allow us to use our other tools to capture them. Promotional: We recommend an aggressive promotional campaign for our new product. We are doing this to persuade more and more people to buy our product. In order to promote our product, we would be using both above the line and below the line activities. We would be using the following above the line activities: Advertising through television. Newspaper. Magazines. People: The essential ingredients to any service are the staff and people. It is important to recruit an educated staff and train them appropriately in the delivery of their service is essential in order to obtain to obtain a form of competitive advantage. Consumers make judgments on the product and service based on the employees they interact with. Staff will have the appropriate interpersonal skills and service knowledge to provide the service that consumers are paying for. Process: Refers to the systems used to assist the organization in delivering the service. Regular check up on the customer will allow us to know if anything is wrong automatically we can then fix it. Public relation: PR is a low-cost, high-impact way to build name recognition and early sales. With it we can reach virtually any audience, and PR often provides greater credibility than advertising. Tell a Compelling Story: Major media outlets receive hundreds, even thousands, of press releases daily. The fact that our  business  is opening isnt especially interesting. We will need to go beyond the boring news and tell a story that engages the media and our audience e.g. how will your new company benefit the community? By bringing in new jobs. Choose The Right Media: The press is a fickle creature so it is best to use a media that we know will not write a bad review about us. So our press list doesnt have to be long choosing only the media that reach our best prospects and feature editorial or advertising for the product and service we are marketing. Use Media Relations Tactics: Effective PR takes dedicated attention over time to build relationships with the media. However our initial release is just a knock at the door. For an effective media relations campaign, we will need to maintain good relations with them. Make it easier to cover us: We will have a complete press package ready to send to the media that express interest in our story. This can include anything relevant, from product spec sheets to background on your company. We will begin our PR rollout just prior to launching our company, and maintain a well-targeted media relations campaign that reaches out with enough frequency to get us noticed without angering anyone either from the press or the local community then and only then we may be sure to win positive coverage for our new business. Environmental Management and Environment-Related Business Strategies Under Environmental Vision 2021, a long-range vision for environmental management formulated in October 2007, the Mitsubishi Electric Group strives to realize a sustainable society by making positive contributions to the earth and its people through technology and action. As initiatives to help prevent global warming, we are working to reduce CO2 emissions resulting from product use by 30% compared with fiscal 2001 levels, from production by 520,000 tons, or 30% compared with fiscal 1991 levels, and from power generation. With the overarching objective to promote a recycling-based society, we are also implementing measures consistent with the 3Rs (reduce, reuse, recycle) product principle while targeting zero emissions in our manufacturing processes and the elimination of direct landfill waste. As we work to ensure harmony with nature and to foster environmental awareness, we will implement initiatives that develop personnel who think, feel and act for the environment. The Mitsubishi Electric Group is active across a wide spectrum of environment-related fields. In its efforts to help prevent global warming, the Group delivers a host of energy-saving products and services such as solar power generation systems, power devices, high-efficiency automotive equipment, energy-saving countermeasure and support equipment, energy-related building equipment, high-efficiency lighting, heat pump applications and clean energy. Education and Awareness of Human Rights The Mitsubishi Electric Group recognizes that its business operations are interrelated with a wide range of peoples and societies, and our code of conduct maintains respect for human rights. Through measures such as training of our employees on human rights issues and promotion of the employment of people with disabilities, we work earnestly to foster respect for human rights while putting programs into practice. At the same time, we have a determination to apply measures appropriate to the proper handling of contemporary issues such as sexual harassment, power harassment, security of the private information of individuals, genetic therapy, and others emerging from recent c

Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination Essay -- Argumentative Pe

Affirmative Action is Reverse Discrimination Is it possible to fill out a job application, apply for college, or even fill out a simple survey without being asked to provide one’s ethnicity? I often wonder how many people actually look at the information I provide instead of the fact that I happen to be Hispanic. Does that make me any different? It is extremely frustrating to realize that despite the civil rights victories of the twenty-first century, our society is still obsessed with race. Advocates of affirmative action will love to tell the American people that minorities are truly benefited by these policies, and that they are thankful for the compensation of the discrimination of their ancestors. Here is one minority who will tell you very differently. Affirmative action is a process of reverse discrimination, giving me unfair advantages based on my race, disregarding my academic abilities and personal motivation. It is degrading that colleges do not think that I can succeed without my ethnicity being a factor in t he admissions process. Affirmative action is in no way beneficial to the minorities today, and history will show how it is slowly turning into a process of reverse discrimination. During the tumultuous civil rights movement of the 1960’s, President Lyndon Johnson issued a call to action to make up for past discrimination of minorities in American history. This new method of civil rights justice took on the term â€Å"affirmative action†. Preceding this was a rise to equality among minorities, mainly African Americans and Hispanics. The breakthrough case Brown v. Board of Education desegregated public schools and opened the door for national equality of all citizens. In 1963 President John Kennedy developed eigh... ...http://www.landmarkcases.org/> Regents of the University of California v. Bakke (1978) 438 U.S. 265, No. 76-811 http://caselaw.lp.findlaw.com/cgibin/getcase.pl?court=US&vol=438&invol=265 Schwartz, Michael. â€Å"The Ugly Effects of California’s Proposition 209.† Arizona Daily Wildcat. 4 Mar. 1998.http://wildcat.arizona.edu/papers/91/139/05_1_m.html â€Å"Table- UCLA Ethnic Enrollment(State and Non-State Support) (1) Fall 1973 To Fall 2000.† UCLA Office of Academic Planning and Budget, 2000. UCLA: November 2000. http://www.apb.ucla.edu/www00/histethn/FTOTETH.PDF Michigan Engineering. University of Michigan, College of Engineering. 27 Nov. 2004. < http://www.engin.umich.edu/> Wilson, Pete., Ward Connerly, and Pamela A. Lewis. â€Å"Argument in Favor of Proposition 209.† Homepage. 27 Nov. 2004 http://vote96.ss.ca.gov/Vote96/html/BP/209yesarg.htm

A critical analysis of “Charles V & Philip his Son” by Marino Cavalli, 1554

This is a critical analysis of a written piece by Marino Cavalli as he writes his thoughts about the comparisons between the current King; Charles V, and his son and heir Philip. Cavalli has documented the concerns he has about Philip's inability to adequately rule over ‘various peoples' when he comes to power. Cavalli was the Venetian Ambassador in France at the time, and had a vested interest in who succeeded Charles V to the throne. Cavalli begins by making basic observations about the physical similarities between father and son; their appearance, their habits and their demeanour. â€Å"His Highness is now in his twenty-fourth year, of very delicate complexion and medium stature. In both face and mind he resembles his father..† This is the first, and last positive evaluation he makes about Philip. It becomes clear very quickly that he harbours numerous doubts about Philip's ability to come to power and manage different countries, when he favours being advised by a solely Spanish council, who would clearly have preference for their own agenda. â€Å"He takes excessive pleasure in being revered, and he maintains with everyone, no matter who he may be, a greater haughtiness than his father,†. Cavalli obviously worries that Philip does not attempt to earn the respect of his subjects or nobility. He manages to infer a negative edge to the term ‘revere' cleverly using insinuation to make the reader consider this to be an unattractive quality, and demonstrates a preference for Charles V over Philip as he goes on to say; â€Å"They have good reason, being used to his father, who knows extremely well how to adjust himself by various ways to all kinds of people.† If Cavalli's dilemma was merely a loyalty preference for Charles V it could be argued that he was politicking. Especially considering his Venetian roots and French ties, and the fact that the European countries were constantly warring for power, land and control. But when taking into account his other reservations about Philip's eventual rise to power, (which were similar to a great many other opinions of the time), the historian; with the grace of hindsight, can see that his concerns were well founded. It was well known that Charles V (despite the many wars he fought) was hungrier for peace than to acquire land, and he made the best efforts to maintain civility with the neighbouring states, whether or not they had previously fought each other for the rite to rule. Charles V was also recognised as having a very tolerant nature regarding the religious preferences of the people he governed. He was aware of the protestant uprising, and did not make it a priority to come down on his subjects with the severity he could have. As his son Philip would do in later years. It would seem Philip was destined to live in his fathers shadow; â€Å"But owing to the greatness of his father, and the fact that he was born great and has not yet proved himself in any work, he will never appear in the last analysis as the equal of the emperor.† Cavalli felt that Philip had cut himself off from all but the Spanish. â€Å"One may judge that when this prince succeeds to the government of his states he will be served wholly by Spanish ministers, for he is inclined towards that people more than is fitting in a prince who wishes to rule over various peoples†¦Ã¢â‚¬  And he was quite right, Philip did move to Spain never returning to live in Holland, he refused to speak the language and did keep virtually a wholly Spanish council. His preference for Spain was widely known at the time, and widely documented in the historical years to follow. This piece of text is written in a personal, almost diary or journal entry style which allows Cavalli to articulate freely his concerns. It would seem that Cavalli's fears were realised once Philip came to power, although there would have been nothing Cavalli could have done to bring about change, as Philip was born into the time when Royalty were believed to be born with a divine rite to rule, and due to the sheer population numbers of the countries that he resided over, he was always able to gain favour somewhere, especially when his main goal was to crush the protestant reformation and gain land and title, no matter what the cost.

Later Adulthood Development Report Essay

Aging occurs in every stage of life, and as adults grow older and move from one stage of adulthood to the next many new changes can occur in their everyday lives. The transition from middle adulthood to later adulthood can bring a whole new level of changes to an individual’s life. The aging process includes changes in roles and social positions, considering living accommodations with health care needs, transitioning from work life to retirement, changes in social policies, and changes in relationships with family members and peers. As aging occurs individuals notice a numerous amount of changes in their lives. Some of those changes occur in their roles and social positions. As an individual ages they may begin to notice both physical and mental changes that decrease their ability to carry out activities in their daily routines. An individual who was once the leader of company meetings may notice that they are no longer able to hear or see things as well as they were before, and they may not be able to process their thoughts as quickly. They might also notice a delay in their reaction time. While some people may assume it is because of a medical issue, it could just be because of aging. As aging continues throughout later adulthood individuals may also notice changes in their physical appearances such as loose or wrinkly skin and a decrease in muscle tone. Throughout life individuals may decide to move from one place to another to experience what it is like to live in a new place. As individuals age their health starts to decline, and in some cases, some families have to make the decision to put their loved ones in a nursing home or hire a nursing staff to do home visits. When the health of a loved one becomes an issue family members have to make sure they are getting the  proper care they need to ensure their loved ones are safe and their health needs are being met. Some elderly individuals are able to go through life and not need any type of assistance caring for themselves, but some individuals get sick and cannot properly take care of themselves any longer. Alzheimer’s and Dementia are two of the worst diseases an individual can develop as they age. Once Alzheimer’s or Dementia really set in the individual start to forget life as they previously knew it. They no longer recognize their family or friends and have a hard time remembering anything about their lives. According to the Alzheimer’s Association there are three stages to Alzheimer’s disease, the early, middle, and late stages. In the early stages of Alzheimer’s disease an individual may still function as well as they did before they knew they had the disease, â€Å"He or she may still drive, work, and be a part of social activities† (Alzheimer’s Association, 2015). According to the Alzheimer’s Association, â€Å"The middle stages of Alzheimer’s are typically the longest and can last for many years†. The third, and final stage of Alzheimer’s, the late stages, according to the Alzheimer’s Association, â€Å"may last for several weeks or several years and requires intense are the clock care†. As Alzheimer’s progresses the individual may experience symptoms such as; anger, anxiety, depression, hallucinations, memory loss, confusion, repetition, and physical discomfort. As Alzheimer’s slowly starts to take over the individual it becomes harder and harder for both the individual and the family to deal with the changes that are occurring. That is why it is so important to make sure there is a trained medical professional on site at all times to care and comfort the individual dealing with the disease. The transition from working life to retirement can be a difficult process for some adults as they struggle to accept the changes that will occur in their lifestyle. But, on the other hand, retirement can also be an enjoyable time for some adults as they see it as an opportunity to do things they love without having to worry about work interfering with their plans. Some aging adults have a hard time coping with the thought of retirement because of the drastic change in income and they do not know what to do with  all the extra time they will have throughout the day. While the changes in income between a weekly or biweekly paycheck greatly differ from their previous profession and the amount of money received through social security, most employers offer a 401K savings plan to help with retirement and life after working. Social policies were put in tact to ensure that anyone in need is able to have their needs met. These needs can include medical, nutritional, and income needs. The government has funded programs such as food stamps to help families all over the country provide food for their families. Other government programs such as Medicaid and Medicare are intact to help cover medical expenses for people who cannot afford health or dental insurance. When it comes to the elderly, social programs such as Social Security and the Older Americans Act were put intact to ensure the elderly (anyone aged sixty five or older) are able to financially support themselves. Social policies are a great way to ensure individuals are properly taken care of and are able to support themselves. Family is forever, and nobody should ever feel as if they have to go through life alone. As we age it is important to remember how important our family and friends really are to us. We spend our whole lives searching for someone to spend the rest of our lives with and to build a family with, but as we age and people in our families start to die people begin to feel lonely. Losing a close family member or even a friend can leave individuals with a feeling of loneliness or even depression, â€Å"Most people seventy years of age or older are widowed, divorced, or single† (Zastrow & Kirst-Ashman, 2010). Grandparents and great- grandparents should never have to feel like they are unimportant or unwanted by their families. As individuals mature and go on with their own lives they should always continue to stay in touch with everyone in their family, but they should especially make sure their grandparents and older family members are healthy and well taken care of. The changes that occur throughout our daily lives are preparing us for the next stage of life. As individuals age they experience new things and learn  new things about themselves. Some people fear aging as they fear they will no longer be able to properly care for themselves any longer, but with the love and support from our families anything is possible. The aging process includes changes in roles and social positions, considering living accommodations with health care needs, transitioning from work life  to retirement, changes in social policies, and changes in relationships with family members and peers. Aging is just one of the many aspects of life that everyone has to deal with, and it is up to us to determine how we want to deal with it and let it affect our everyday life. References: Alzheimer’s Association. The Stages of Alzheimer’s. Retrieved from: http://www.alz.org/living_with_alzheimers_4521.asp U.S Department of Health and Family Services. Caring for Frail Elderly People: Policies in Evolution. Retrieved from: http://aspe.hhs.gov/daltcp/reports/chap14.htm Zastrow, C.H. & Kirst-Ashman, K.K. (2010). Understanding Human Behavior and the Social Environment (8th Ed.)

Essay Sample on Income Inequality in Brazil Economic Research

Essay Sample on Income Inequality in Brazil Economic Research Free example essay on Income Inequality in Brazil: In the global economy Brazil has been marked for decades by its consistent problem with inequality in income distribution. In 2001 the World Bank ranked 152 countries and only five African countries had Gini coefficients higher than Brazil’s (de Medeiros). For the level of GDP and economic clout that Brazil has, no other country comes close to the having the same issues with income inequality and poverty. The causes of Brazil’s problems have been debated extensively as economists try and pinpoint the most significant causes of the in distribution, but we can conclude that several factors: education, regional inequalities, structural unemployment and price instability; all meet to play important roles in the Brazilian crisis. Education According to Carlos Aguiar de Medeiros of International Development Economics Associates, education almost always shows a direct connection to income distribution is. This idea is continually supported by World Bank’s studies on poverty, and as Aguiar states, â€Å"investment in education is the most efficient and adequate structural action to achieve a higher equity in income distribution and lower poverty levels† (de Medeiros). In order to bridge the gap between the lower classes and higher classes in any country, the education level must be made more equal between the two. We experienced this same idea in the United States when the public school systems were segregated, and black and white students were receiving vastly different educations. The intellect of the child in either case may be somewhat natural, but the child’s opportunity to develop their intelligence and ambition was often stifled in one setting and encouraged in the other. In Brazil the inequali ty of opportunity is even greater because the average Brazilian attends significantly fewer years in school compared with United States students, and a many Brazilian children do not have viable option for education available to them. Statistics from 1980 show that 27.4 percent of Brazilians over age 35 had no education, and 49.9 percent had only 1 to 4 years of education (Reynolds). Human Capital and Technology The greater issue here is of human capital. Brazil stands out in Latin America not only for its size, but also for being the most advanced country in the technological sector. Brazil’s involvement in the sector began when technology took off in the seventies, and this provides an interesting situation in terms of human capital because technologically based jobs require a much higher level of skill than most manufacturing jobs. An increase in technology also means that many of the low skilled labor jobs will be replaced by more efficient and cost effective methods that employ fewer workers. Therefore, although technology is highly beneficial to society from efficiency and productivity standpoints in the long run, the transition can be problematic for workers. Low skilled workers face a double-edged sword because not only did the total number of jobs decrease, but the skill level required to find employment rose. Many of the most important and detrimental effects of technology in the Brazilian economy are addressed by the Kuznets Effect. This effect is based on the principle that â€Å"initial impact growth has a disequalizing effect on the distribution of income† (Reynolds). The reasons for the disequalibrium are based on the new demand for management, professional, and technical workers, in jobs that most low skilled workers cannot fill. They also cannot be educated or trained quickly enough to put them in the market for newer jobs. The gap here can be improved through better education, but that effect takes years to take hold even after new education policies are put into place, and therefore as demand for skilled jobs is high, and supply of workers low, the market wage for skilled labor increases to very high levels, further distancing the income gap. Kuznet’s ideas also point out that beyond the better wage for skilled workers; there is an issue of where value is added to t he growing economy. In less advanced economies, the increasing value and profits are often passed on in small relative quantities, and the majority of capital remains for reinvestment. This is apparent in Brazil when in 1980 only about 30 percent of value added went to manufacturing compared with 50 percent in the United States (Reynolds). The returns on reinvestment help businesses and investors to grow financially and cushion the bank accounts of the wealthiest and smallest percentage of the population. The growth for the wealthy is in amounts that far outweigh the higher wages granted to workers, and thus causes the Gini coefficient to remain high or even rise. Why hasn’t Brazil invested more in education? Education is of course one of the best answers to many of Brazil’s economic problems. Brazil does not have the resources to provide better education, but they need education to create the human capital to gain resources. The government and economy of Brazil need to be well established and running smoothly before huge amounts of money are dumped into education. The problem is a catch-22 because the government may avoid investment in education because investment in education is risky, but better education may be exactly what the country needs. The returns on education investment are often unknown and the policies to implement it are always extremely complex. Therefore, when Brazil needs every real that they can manage to help support their markets, they are unlikely to invest largely in education which carries high risk, and which also doesn’t show returns for many years. Instead, they will continue to try and administer market reforms and controls with the money that is available (Rillaers). Until the economy is able to support itself, there will not be money to support new endeavors such as progressive education. Again, this shows the need for a true stabilization of some sort in Brazil that would allow more investment in education. Regional Inequality Brazil’s national problems with inequality are also linked to distinct problems of regional inequality. Studies show that the Northeastern region of Brazil holds 28 percent of the Brazilian population, but only produced 13 percent of GDP in 1998, and the Southeastern region holds 43 percent of the population, but produced 58 percent of GDP (Azzoni). Comparison of incomes between the regions show that the Northeastern incomes were only about half of the national average while the Southeast enjoyed incomes of one-third more than the national average (Azzoni). Market theory would suggest that resources should move to balance the market, but in Brazil there is an issue of mobility. The market will only relocate resources if they are cost-effectively mobile, and because of Brazil’s geography, the costs often outweigh the benefits. Transportation costs are too high and the distances to great. There is also the option of human capital moving to expand markets, but again, the c ost of movement usually offsets the benefit of a new market. We may see this change in Brazil as the national transportation system improves travel efficiency and costs. Azzoni and Servo find in their research that regional wage differences play a role in income inequality in Brazil, but are not the main cause of it. Price Stability Price stability or instability can play a considerable role in changing levels of income distribution. The familiar phrases, â€Å"poor getting poorer† and â€Å"rich getting richer† can be broken down into real terms by examining the numbers and causes for division. In Figure 1 we have data for Brazil from 1989 to 1995 that demonstrate the movement in income distribution for those years. Knowing the history of Brazil’s economy, we can draw certain conclusions and evidence from these numbers. We see that in the years from 1991 to 1994 when Brazil was facing its worst inflationary problems (just prior to the introduction of the Real), the poorest 50 percent of the population was rapidly losing ground to the richest 20 percent. Considering the types of income and wage contracts that poorer workers depend on, we can see that they are at a much higher risk when prices are not stable. They are often locked in to a particular wage or salary, and if the expectations at the time that the contract was drafted fall short of the actual inflation and price level, the workers are often left earning a lower real wage. The wealthy have outlets to protect their money. They can move large investments outside the country, have the opportunity to take advantage of high domestic interest rates, and are not effected by the rising prices of food and other consumer goods because those goods only constitute a small portion of their living costs. Looking again at Figure 1 we see that from 1993 to 1994, while the poorest half of the population lost 1.8 percent of the income share, the richest quintile gained 3.5 percent. The top 20 percent was increasing at almost double the rate that poorer sections were dropping. From 1994 to 1995, after the introduction of the Real Plan, we see an immediate turn around in the trend with the poorest half gaining 1.2 percent and the richest 20 percent losing 2.3 percent. The trend reversed from the prior year’s numbers, and that can be accredited to the Real Plan’s drastic decrease in inflation through de-indexation and a new currency. With price stability, the poor do not only avoid the inflationary tax that they undergo in times of unrest, the rich are also less able to capitalize on the very high interest rates of inflationary times, and therefore both ends of the distribution contract towards the center. In the two years following the stabilization Brazil only saw a 3 percent increase in the price level of basic goods, but the minimum wage grew in Brazil by 78 percent. This is pivotal to the real wage rate which increased by 24 percent in the year following the introduction of the Real Plan (â€Å"Stability†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). Conclusion As evidenced above there are varied reasons behind the problems of income inequality in Brazil, but the overwhelming characteristic is that it runs deep and is engrained into the Brazilian society. There will not be any quick solution, as evidenced by the tiny improvement in the Gini coefficient after the Real Plan. From 1993 to 1995 Brazil’s Gini coefficient only improved from .60 to .59; a miniscule improvement in a number which is immense by world standards, and still the highest within Latin America (â€Å"The Real Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). There is an upside to the story. Data centered on education level compared with income growth show that there has been a greater percentage increase in income for less educated groups than more educated groups (â€Å"The Real Plan†¦Ã¢â‚¬ ). This shows that income distribution is narrowing, but again, there is still hardly any improvement in Brazil’s inequality measures. The lack of overall improvement of Brazil’s situat ion, despite favorable variables underscores the severity and depth of Brazil’s problem. If there is going be to a change in Brazil, it will have to be fundamentally at the root of the problem. No quick reconstruction or stabilization plan will equalize the income distribution. The most important issue will be education. Brazil must take dramatic steps to invest in and protect the education of their population. They are at the head of the technology game now, without a fully educated work force, and if they increase the number of workers who are skilled in new jobs, the economy will be strong enough to rebuild and support itself without hefty international aid. It will take time for returns on education to become influential, but once a strong educational base is in place, it will remain there. Once human capital is established it rarely diminishes. The base of an economy is the people who are a part of it, and if Brazil intends to improve across the board, they should start with the base and work their way up.

Exploration and History of Banned Books

Exploration and History of Banned Books A banned book is one that has been removed from the shelves of a library, bookstore, or  classroom because of its controversial content. In some cases, banned books of the past have been burned and/or refused publication. Possession of banned books has at times been regarded as an act of treason or heresy, which was punishable by death, torture, prison time, or other acts of retribution. A book may be challenged or banned on political, religious, sexual, or social grounds. We take the acts of banning or challenging a book as a serious matter because these are forms of censorshipstriking at the very core of our freedom to read. The History of Banned Books A book may be considered a banned book if the work has been banned in the past. We still discuss these books and the censorship surrounding them not only because it gives us insight into the time in which the book was banned, but it also gives us some perspective on books that are banned and challenged today.Many of the books that we consider rather tame today were once hotly debated works of literature. Then, of course, books that were once popular bestsellers are sometimes challenged or banned in classrooms or libraries because the cultural viewpoint and/or language that was accepted at the time of the books publication is no longer deemed appropriate to read. Time has a way of changing our perspective on literature. Why Discuss Banned Books? Of course, just because a book has been banned or challenged in some parts of the United States doesnt mean it has happened where you live. You may be one of the fortunate few who have never experienced banning. Thats why its so important for us to discuss the reality of banned books.Its important to know about the cases that are happening in other parts of the United States, and its important to be aware of the cases of book banning and censorship that are taking place around the world. Amnesty International directs attention to just a few writers from China, Eritrea, Iran, Myanmar, and Saudi Arabia, who have been persecuted for their writings.

11 Challenging Words Starting With A for Spanish Students

11 Challenging Words Starting With A for Spanish Students Here are 11 words beginning with A that can pose some difficulty for Spanish students. Learn these, and youll be well on your way to improving your use of the language. a: As a common preposition, a has at least six uses. It usually means to but can also be translated by other prepositions or used as a type of connecting word. Sometimes, as with the personal a, it need not be translated at all. No fuimos a la playa. We didnt go to the beach. Llegamos a Guatemala a las 17 horas. We arrive in Guatemala at 5 p.m. Conocà ­ a la superestrella en Buenos Aires. I met the superstar in Buenos Aires. adonde and adà ³nde: Adonde and adà ³nde usually mean where, but only in cases where to where or some variation of that could be substituted in translation. In other words adà ³nde functions much as a dà ³nde would and indicates motion to a place or in a direction. Es una pequeà ±a playa pà ºblica adonde mis padres nos llevaban en verano. Its a small public beach (to) where my parents took us in summer.  ¿Quà © pasa si adà ³nde viajamos es otro planeta? What happens if where were traveling (to) is another planet? al: Al is one of Spanishs few contractions, combining a and el, a word for the. When al means to the, its use is straightforward. However, al followed by an infinitive is a common way of explaining that something happened after the action represented by the infinitive. Paulina y yo vamos al zoo para ver los animales. Paulina and I are going to the zoo to see the animals. Me alegrà © al encontrar algunos de mis amigos en el centro. I became happy when I found some of my friends downtown. aparentemente: Depending on the context, aparentemente can suggest more strongly than does the English apparently that things may not be what they seem. Est aparentemente feliz, pero est a punto de pedirle el divorcio. Shes supposedly happy, but shes on the verge of asking him for the divorce. apologà ­a: An apologà ­a is a defense of a position, as in a legal case or an argument. It is not used to express regret. No hay apologà ­a del terrorismo. There is no defense for terrorism. asistir: Although asistir can mean to assist, it much more often means to attend a gathering or event. Gracias a todos que asistieron mi concierto anoche. Thanks to everyone who attended my concert last night. El gobierno le asistià ³ con una pensià ³n hasta el final de sus dà ­as. The government assisted him with a pension until the end of his days. atender: Atender can mean to attend in the sense of attending to someone but not in the sense of attending an event. El doctor atendià ³ al futbolista en el hospital durante su grave enfermedad. The doctor attended to the soccer player during his serious illness. aun and aà ºn: Although aun and aà ºn are both adverbs, the first is usually used to indicate even as in the examples below, while the latter usually indicates an action continues and can be translated as still or yet. Aun este aà ±o no tengo nada. Even this year I dont have anything. Ni aun yo puedo entenderlos. Not even I can understand them. He configurado mi dispositivo, pero aà ºn no puedo usar la internet. I have configured my device, but I still cant use the Internet. Or, I have configured my device, but I cant use the Internet yet. aunque: Aunque is the most common way of saying although; often it is better translated even though or even if. If the verb that follows refers to something that already happened or is happening, it must be in the indicative mood, while a verb referring to the future or a hypothetical event must be in the subjunctive. Todo est bien aunque me tragaron los mosquitos cuando me fui de camping. Everything is fine even though the mosquitoes ate me up when I went camping. (Tragaron is in the indicative because it refers to a past event.) Crean una pila que no hace daà ±o aunque los nià ±os la traguen. They are developing a battery that causes no harm even if children swallow it. (Traguen is in the subjunctive mood because the event is yet to happen or is theoretical.) Sources: Sample sentences have been adapted from the following sources: TripAdvisor.es, Diario Norte, Marcianitos Verdes, Facebook conversations, El Zol 107.9, Zendesk, Goal.com, La Nacià ³n (Argentina), Twitter conversations, Cuba Encuentro, LaInformacià ³n.com and Diario Correo (Peru).

Consumer Behavior Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Consumer Behavior - Essay Example crucial idea that the work at hand emphasises, but prior to seeing the big picture about it, it is also important to learn the other significant things about Costco. Costco was originally operating under the name of Price Club in 1976. The firm is founded by James Sinegal and Jeffrey H. Brotman. In 1983, the first Costco warehouse was instituted in Seattle Washington. In 1993, Costco merged with Price Club, calling it PriceCostco, while dominantly employing the business model and size of Price Club, which generated billion dollar sales every year. However, Robert Price, the founder of Price club left PriceCostco and started Price Enterprises in 1994. This left Costco alone and led it to rebrand the firm as Costco Wholesale in 1997 including all those Price Club locations it had already established. Costco is the second largest retailer in the US and the fifth largest retailer in the world (Said, 2013). Today, Costco is known for its ability to provide high value for customers, especially when it comes to its highly affordable and varied product offerings. The company carries a â€Å"broad line of product categories including groceries, appliances, television and media, automotive supplies, toys, hardware, sporting goods, jewelry, cameras, books, housewares, apparel, health and beauty aids, tobacco, furniture, office supplies, and office equipment† (Sander & Bobo, 2011). Perhaps, one will call Costco a one-stop shop, with high affordability, enough to help the small to medium-sized businesses to save on their purchases for them to be able to resale. However, Costco’s leading sales came from individual consumer, the firm’s ultimate growth driver (Sander & Bobo, 2011). There are many things to understand about Costco, which primarily include its values, mission, vision and objective. However, aside from this, ideas concerning its current related-marketing moves and stakeholders are also vital considerations in understanding this firm. â€Å"Costco’s mission is

Compare Theories of Piaget,Vgotsky and Erikson Essay

Compare Theories of Piaget,Vgotsky and Erikson - Essay Example In the article, "Cognitive and Social Constructivism" there is a relationship being defined between the two differing views of Piaget and Vygotsky. Piaget's cognitive constructivism emphasizes thinking over language; even as Vygotsky's social constructivism emphasizes the reverse-language over thinking. With Piaget's theory, it is most detrimental in the practice of teaching to ensure individual understanding and knowledge of certain concepts. This grasping of ideas is independent of all other characters in the classroom and tailored to fit each separate individual. Piaget's theory of cognitive development is outlined in which four stages are surpassed to achieve elevated intensities of cognitive ability (pp. 242). It is discussed how the child undergoes the accommodation and assimilation of new concepts (or schema) to further enhance his or her knowledge base and move through the stages of development. The teacher is more capable of aiding in the learning process when each child's p articular level of development is determined. On the contrary, social constructivism is dependent upon the teacher, other students, or other adults to facilitate learning. Vygotsky's supposition about the zone of proximal development and cultural- historical psychology should be utilized in a social constructivist classroom.

Cmplaint letter Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Cmplaint letter - Essay Example I then went to my home country to start my process of applying for a graduate school scholarship from the government. In addition, my application to be a non-business degree student in Business school for one semester was approved. Moreover, I was planning to start my GMAT course as full student in Bridge English center as I waited for my official transcript and completion letter to get the scholarship considering the fact that my non-degree course as well as my GMAT course would be catered for. On 11 August 2010, I checked smart system and to my surprise , I learnt that I got an â€Å" I † in Organizational Design, MGMT 4370. This was because my instructor had no grade recorded for the three case studies. However, I had done all the three case studies, two of which she marked and gave back to me. In fact, I have them with me. As for the third case study, we were supposed to have completed and handed it in on the last day of the class, which I did. Unfortunately, I did not make my own copy – I just printed it and handed it in. Attached are all emails, the two case studies that she marked and the transcript. I am aware that she changed the grade later, but she did it so late that I lost the aforementioned opportunities. I now cannot get acceptance in graduate school next spring, owing to a fault that I never committed. I am extremely disappointed! I would greatly appreciate if you would kindly address this

An Absence of Expectations About Dr. Johnson's Normal Life Case Study

An Absence of Expectations About Dr. Johnson's Normal Life - Case Study Example There are only a few scenes involving session. Therapy sessions involved the therapist played by Liv Tyler and Fineman played by Sandler. However, a trained observer will have a host of clinical observations about Fineman throughout the movie, and consequently, there are multiple clinical observations. Dr Fineman used to live in a large settlement with his wife and three daughters. He left it and his established dental practice and embraced a lonely world of his own, drifting away from the regular and boring life of similar dentists such as his roommate Dr Johnson. He now wanders alone in his scooter on the roads of the city and has been noticed by his close friend, a dentist, and old college roommate Dr Johnson. This all occurred to him following the 9/11 catastrophe to his family. Initially, he fails to recognize his friend but after a few encounters, the old memories re-emerge, and he was able to recognize his friend. He has regressed to a state of denial, where he keeps himself b usy with many other things other than dentistry, which are old Mel Brooks movies late night, video games, music, and musical instruments. He gets so excited about the memories of his family that he avoids social contacts which haunt him to remember his past days get back there like all others, and this was perhaps one of the reasons that he allowed Dr Johnson, his former roommate to come closer. He was seeing Dr Johnson about 15 years after their college days, and Dr Johnson never knew his wife and children since they lost touch early on.

European Union problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

European Union problem question - Essay Example The â€Å"freedom of work† through European Union countries is a fundamental right which encompasses a region without internal boundaries where independence is guaranteed in agreement with the endowment of the treaty. This right is applied under certain conditions and also approved to the family members, regardless of the nationality. However, the description of â€Å"family member† must comprise the registered companion, if the law of host country treats registered companion as comparable to marriage. In the context of free movement, marriage partners who are not nationals of an EU member country must obtain visa while crossing the border unless they have acquired the residence card . As Juanita was Columbian national from the beginning, she should acquire permissions from the â€Å"Secretary of State† in order to get visa. The immigration rule to enter UK depicts that a couple, in this case Roger and Juanita, must be capable of representing adequate original documented proofs which can specify that they have enough money, acceptable housing facility, and have not any supplementary resources for the non UK partner. However, there are other particular exemptions in this regulation which should be pursued by Roger in order to make Juanita enter in the UK . 5. Marriage in overseas nation takes place after mutual authorisation. The legal structure practiced in foreign states can act together with the law of UK in a complicated manner, and therefore the direction of ‘surrogate or registrar’ is essential in order to avoid complications in marriage and immigration problem in the UK or Netherlands. In present days, the laws regarding marriage and national immigration obligation are different in the UK and the Netherlands. The reason why Juanita faced problems while entering in the UK was due to its strong immigration policy system and its continuous development or transformations. There are increased concerns about the purpose of marriage, because some couple might conduct agreement marriage exclusively for immigration reasons. As marriage to someone authorises to live or work in the UK, it can considerably enrich the right for the foreign person. Therefore, a mutual authorisation is required for Roger and Juanita. It is obligat ory for Roger and Juanita to confirm that marriage authorisations are not settled, as there is a strong probability of viewing their marriage as fake and only a means to enter in the UK. The key issue is whether they seek genuine marriage in the sense that they are undertaking a promise to lastingness. Simultaneously, when the appeal for marriage ascends out of genuine

Re John Grant Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Re John Grant - Essay Example ents to the effect that he was probably rushing and a bit careless at times, despite client’s assurances that such a viewpoint is completely unfounded and unwarranted. 2. Claimant Mr. Grant is employed as a General Labourer by Rattle Engineering Ltd. to carry out repairs to general machinery. Most of the work is done at the factory premises of other companies. In August of 2003, said employer was hired by McFarlane Contracts Ltd to carry out work at its factory premises at Stone Road, Sizewall Industrial Estate, Liverport. Rattle was engaged to perform repair work on machineries which made steel sleepers. Claimant was tasked to be a part of a group of four to perform the project, under the supervision of Mr. Joseph Ashford, (JA) the foreman who had a mobile office at the site. 3. When Claimant arrived at the factory, he saw that lorries were delivering the equipment and parts that Rattle needed. JA told the men to park the lorries at the parking depot while he asked Jim Smith (JS), the factory manager employed by McFarlane Contracts to show where the materials were to be unloaded. JS instructed that the materials be unloaded at the forecourt. The next job was to move the materials from the forecourt to the back of the premises through a conveyor belt. Claimant’s job was to carry the steel nuggets to the conveyor belt. Another person was tasked to take the nuggets out of the conveyor belt upon reaching the back of the premises. 4. Around 12:20 pm. Claimant was still doing the job assigned to him. As he bent down to lift another steel nugget, he lost his balance and his foot slipped on the oil. His legs went from under him and he landed on the ground, on his bottom. His right forearm was crushed between the concrete forecourt and the nugget, with the weight of the latter bending his hand backwards. The right side of his head hit the concrete surface. He was taken to St. Mark’s Hospital Ottershaw thereafter and was diagnosed as having a head injury, a

European Union problem question Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3000 words

European Union problem question - Essay Example The â€Å"freedom of work† through European Union countries is a fundamental right which encompasses a region without internal boundaries where independence is guaranteed in agreement with the endowment of the treaty. This right is applied under certain conditions and also approved to the family members, regardless of the nationality. However, the description of â€Å"family member† must comprise the registered companion, if the law of host country treats registered companion as comparable to marriage. In the context of free movement, marriage partners who are not nationals of an EU member country must obtain visa while crossing the border unless they have acquired the residence card . As Juanita was Columbian national from the beginning, she should acquire permissions from the â€Å"Secretary of State† in order to get visa. The immigration rule to enter UK depicts that a couple, in this case Roger and Juanita, must be capable of representing adequate original documented proofs which can specify that they have enough money, acceptable housing facility, and have not any supplementary resources for the non UK partner. However, there are other particular exemptions in this regulation which should be pursued by Roger in order to make Juanita enter in the UK . 5. Marriage in overseas nation takes place after mutual authorisation. The legal structure practiced in foreign states can act together with the law of UK in a complicated manner, and therefore the direction of ‘surrogate or registrar’ is essential in order to avoid complications in marriage and immigration problem in the UK or Netherlands. In present days, the laws regarding marriage and national immigration obligation are different in the UK and the Netherlands. The reason why Juanita faced problems while entering in the UK was due to its strong immigration policy system and its continuous development or transformations. There are increased concerns about the purpose of marriage, because some couple might conduct agreement marriage exclusively for immigration reasons. As marriage to someone authorises to live or work in the UK, it can considerably enrich the right for the foreign person. Therefore, a mutual authorisation is required for Roger and Juanita. It is obligat ory for Roger and Juanita to confirm that marriage authorisations are not settled, as there is a strong probability of viewing their marriage as fake and only a means to enter in the UK. The key issue is whether they seek genuine marriage in the sense that they are undertaking a promise to lastingness. Simultaneously, when the appeal for marriage ascends out of genuine

Alvin Plantinga and Pluralism Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words

Alvin Plantinga and Pluralism - Essay Example Religious pluralism can be seen as a policy or attitude that accepts the diversity of other religious belief systems, and their importance within the society. Religious pluralism can either be seen as a representation of the view that the religion of one individual is not the only source of truth. Pluralists believe that some other religions have an element of truth. Therefore, there is a need of referring to these religions and their values. This concept of religious pluralism has always existed since time immemorial. This is because the traditional societies used to worship many gods. An example is the leadership of the Roman Empire, which embraced the worship of many gods and other religions. The Roman priests used to borrow from other religious teachings, and incorporate them in their beliefs. For instance, the Romans worshipped Jupiter as the Supreme God. This was a supreme God of the ancient Greeks, and they referred to him as Zeus. Religious exclusivism, on the other hand, is a doctrine that teaches that only one religion is superior to other religions. It does not recognize or identify the principles of other religious beliefs. In its normative nature, exclusivism is the belief that the religion of an individual is superior to the religion of other individuals (Peterson, William, Bruce and David, 22). Exclusivists believe that the principles and teachings of other religions are wrong, and uncalled for. The exclusivist doctrine is always linked to the teaching of Christianity, Judaism, and Islam.

Consequences Of The Digital Divide Education Essay

Consequences Of The Digital Divide Education Essay The primary concern is exclusion; social and otherwise. Each year, being digitally connected becomes ever more critical to economic, educational, and social advancement. Those without the appropriate tools (in terms of PCs and Internet connectivity) and applicable skills will become increasingly disadvantaged. As ICT becomes ever more pervasive those elements of society without access will be further disenfranchised in terms of: Fewer employment opportunities Restricted access to information and support Increasingly basic facilities such as email, consumer services, financial services, etc. Reasons behind the Digital Divide At the most basic level the digital divide arises where individuals or groups of individuals have no or inadequate access to PCs connected to the Internet. It follows that addressing this problem by providing access should be a constructive measure in terms of reducing the divide. That being said the underlying causes of the divide are in all probability more complex. Research in the USA has identified the following issues: Income differences. There are wide disparities amongst income groups. The better off are far more likely to have PCs and Internet connections than others. Those with income in excess of $75K are 20 times more likely to have Internet access than those at the lowest income level. Education. The better educated are statistically more likely to have and use connected PCs. In particular those with college degrees or higher are ten times more likely to have access. Only 6.6% of people with an elementary school education or less use the Internet. Location. Rural areas relative to cities generally experience lower levels of connectivity. Rural areas in particular lag behind cities in terms of broadband access. Age. People over the age of 50 have been less likely to use PCs and the Internet. Less than 30% of this group were connected in 2000. Those over 50 and in employment are three times more likely to have access than individuals not in employment. Single parent families. Two parent families are more than twice as likely to have Internet access than single families. Further, the oportion in respect of female-headed single families in cities is significantly lower. Disabilities. Although 25% of the able bodied have never used a PC the proportion for the disabled rises to 60%. In general the disabled are half as likely to use PCs and have Internet access. Among those with a disability, people who have impaired vision and problems with manual dexterity have even lower rates of Internet access and are less likely to use a computer regularly than people with hearing and mobility problems. This difference holds in the aggregate, as well as across age groups. Race and ethnic groups. Large gaps exist regarding Internet penetration rates among households of different races and ethnic origins. Further, large gaps remain when measured against the National average for Internet penetration. Differences in income and education do not fully account for this facet of the digital divide. Estimates of what Internet access rates for this group would be had they had income and education levels in line with the Nation as a whole show that these two factors account for approximately 50% of the differences. Additional Factors Home access To the extent that the digital divide is a function of PC and Internet access it is appropriate to question the qualitative aspects of access. Internet kiosks for example may provide cheap Internet access and whilst appropriate for certain tasks they arguably provide a less satisfactory experience for other Web activities. The real question therefore becomes whether the type of access provided lends itself to the full range of activities available to connected users. It is possible that the divide will not be bridged unless home access becomes fully available. To the extent that this is impracticable an alternative would be to provide common access points capable of providing an appropriate experience. Broadband The digital divide is not just a function of access; speed of access is also important or is likely to become so. Until recently for most users the speed of access has been limited to traditional modems. Although modem technology has increased significantly over the last ten years and is now capable of offering data throughput of up to 56K bits per second that speed is a small fraction of what is likely to be required in the next few years. Unless this factor is recognised there is a danger that the current digital divide could be reduced merely to find that it re-opens due to a vast difference in speed available to some but not all users. In short the digital divide of the (not too distant) future may be one of access speed. Closing the Gap As indicated above, measures to provide appropriate access are likely to have a beneficial impact. Indeed US data from August 2000 claims that schools, libraries, and other public access points continue to serve those groups that do not have home access. The use of those facilities however is not uniform and they are more likely to be used by some groups than other. Equally given the complex nature of the underlying problems it is unlikely that improved access will of itself provide the whole answer. With respect to the UK it would be inappropriate to assume that the same underlying factors creating the divide in North America obtain albeit that there are likely to be strong similarities. Research is necessary (if it has not already been undertaken) to identify the true causes. Once identified targeted action can be taken by addressing the detailed needs of specific groups in particular locations. If, following research, home access was found to be significant element of the divide new strategies would need to be formulated to address that requirement. For example cut-down or recycled PCs could be offered in conjunction with community based Internet access lines. The infrastructual reasons for the lact of effective ICT in less econmically developed countries is the fact that there is a lack of secondary euquipment, suitable electric power, and training. This therefore leads to people not being as experienced in the technology they are using. Also, they depend alot on Multinational Corporations meaning they have to wait for the money then just using the money straight off. Also, it is much easier to purchase as you are buying a physcial package rather than downloading the package. Also, if you dont have internet access, this will be very useful. Also, microcomputers and personal computers have become very popular in terms of ICT because of the reduction in price. Computer-aid projects havnt been so successful. Extensive under-ultilization of equipment and major computer based projects have failed. It hasnt been as successfull in the majority of countries when it should only be the minority. These projects have failed because of the lack of secondary equipment, suitable electric power and training. Also, the governments of the countries involved havnt set up any strategic buying plans so everything comes in bluk or too little software comes meaning more or less people need training. Also, there is a lack of avaiable resources to maintain the ICT. Identified computer skills that are lack are; systems analysis, programming, maintainace, consulting, operational levels from basic use to management. The lack of buisness skills which are identified as a major problem is the fact that buisness are buying software which no one is trained in. They need to plan which software to buy, and whether their staff are trained in this area of ICT. Also, the employees have a lack of skills to begin with meaning they cant use the software.

Arthur Dimmesdale and John Proctors Guilt and Sin Essay -- The Crucib

Arthur Dimmesdale and John Proctor's Guilt and Sin Guilt is something that weighs heavily on the human soul. It incorporates itself in our dreams, our thoughts, and our actions. Everywhere we turn, it stares us blankly in the face. While it is unbearable to suffer, guilt is an emotion that reaffirms our humanity. Repentance of a particular guilt, being spiritual, physical or both, is evidence that we are beyond the baseness of our animal tendencies. This fact has not gone unnoticed to the many great figures of literature. They have explored the sentiments of guilt and repentance by exploiting the conscience of flawed characters. In The Scarlet Letter, Nathaniel Hawthorne presented to the world Reverend Arthur Dimmesdale, a man suffering in a past sin. Likewise, in his play The Crucible, the great modern playwright, Arthur Miller, penned the character of John Proctor to allegorize the dangers of moral passivity. Their guilt and repentance were the primary causes of their â€Å"undoing†. Dimmesdale and Proctor were both martyrs to their sin. More specifically, they were both martyrs to the sin of adultery. Being a man of the cloth, this was especially painful for Dimmesdale. How could â€Å"a ruined soul like [his] effect toward the redemption of other souls?† (Hawthorne 182). As he confessed so mournfully to Hester, his partner in sin, â€Å"Canst thou deem it, Hester, a consolation, that I must stand up in my pulpit and meet so many eyes turned up to my as if the light of heaven were beaming from it†¦and then look inward, and discern the black reality of what they idolize?†(Hawthorne 182). He was so consumed by his hypocrisy that he turned to self-masochism as a means of escape. In stark contrast to Hester’s outward ... ...e†(Miller 22). All he wanted to do was get on with his farming and continue to live happily with his wife. It was only when the witch hunt directly affected him did he realize the gravity of his mistake. This was completely different to Dimmesdale’s seven long years of suffering. However, unlike Dimmesdale, when faced with the decision to confess and live or stand by his convictions and die, Proctor’s love for life interfered. He had so much to live for including his children and his livelihood. Only his honor steered him back to the importance of his cause. Arthur Dimmesdale and John Proctor were both martyrs for personal and societal guilt. They paid earthly penances and the final penance of death. Their â€Å"undoing† was a necessity for a society at the brink. Without their sacrifice, the society they lived in would have collapsed under its own weight.

How can Gatsby be called Great Essay -- F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gats

The title of F Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ can be seen as incredibly ironic: not only can the ‘greatness’ of the eponymous character be vehemently contested, he is not even named ‘Gatsby’. In fact, he is a criminal, James Gatz, who, although he appears to be an epitome of the idealistic American Dream, having grown from an impoverished childhood into a life of excess and splendour, he has obtained everything through crime and corruption. Indeed, it has been said that ‘The Great Gatsby’ is â€Å"a parable of disenchantment with the ‘American Dream’† , and it is, for the American Dream is the idea that â€Å"through hard work, courage and determination, one could achieve prosperity.† James Gatz did not obtain his prosperous lifestyle through â€Å"hard work†, but rather through felony. Of course, it may seem that he ‘worked hard’ for it, and there is no disputing hi s determination and perhaps even his courage, but the â€Å"hard work† on which the American Dream is based is not the work of criminals. Of course, we cannot deny that Gatsby has achieved a great deal in his lifetime, all, apparently, in the name of love. Indeed the narrator of the story, Nick Carraway, describes Gatsby as having â€Å"an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person†, and this forms the basis of his opening argument for the greatness of Gatsby. We must, however, examine the reliability of the narrator. Nick says himself that he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgement†, but then quickly goes on to say how â€Å"it has a limit†, that he cannot reserve judgement on everyone, and also that Gatsby was â€Å"exempt from my reaction†, following this with how Gatsby â€Å"represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†,... ...l of Daisy, either. After all, Nick himself says that â€Å"Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply†, and one can assume that this would also be true for Daisy: Wilson would not have shot Daisy as he does Gatsby: it would appear that his â€Å"romantic readiness† was eventually the cause of his murder. The fact that he was killed by Wilson is deeply ironic: the underdog, the only poor character we see in the novel, running a â€Å"bare†, â€Å"whitewashed† garage under the god-like eyes of â€Å"Doctor T. J Eckleburg†, kills the prosperous, rich, idealistic hero, showing not only the â€Å"disenchantment of the ‘American Dream’†, but also that there really is no place for Jay Gatsbys in the world: the qualities which Nick perceives as â€Å"great† slowly pave the way for his defeat. Was Gatsby â€Å"great†? No, he was simply naively idealistic in a society completely deficient in morality. How can Gatsby be called Great Essay -- F. Scott Fitzgerald Great Gats The title of F Scott Fitzgerald’s novel ‘The Great Gatsby’ can be seen as incredibly ironic: not only can the ‘greatness’ of the eponymous character be vehemently contested, he is not even named ‘Gatsby’. In fact, he is a criminal, James Gatz, who, although he appears to be an epitome of the idealistic American Dream, having grown from an impoverished childhood into a life of excess and splendour, he has obtained everything through crime and corruption. Indeed, it has been said that ‘The Great Gatsby’ is â€Å"a parable of disenchantment with the ‘American Dream’† , and it is, for the American Dream is the idea that â€Å"through hard work, courage and determination, one could achieve prosperity.† James Gatz did not obtain his prosperous lifestyle through â€Å"hard work†, but rather through felony. Of course, it may seem that he ‘worked hard’ for it, and there is no disputing hi s determination and perhaps even his courage, but the â€Å"hard work† on which the American Dream is based is not the work of criminals. Of course, we cannot deny that Gatsby has achieved a great deal in his lifetime, all, apparently, in the name of love. Indeed the narrator of the story, Nick Carraway, describes Gatsby as having â€Å"an extraordinary gift for hope, a romantic readiness such as I have never found in any other person†, and this forms the basis of his opening argument for the greatness of Gatsby. We must, however, examine the reliability of the narrator. Nick says himself that he is â€Å"inclined to reserve all judgement†, but then quickly goes on to say how â€Å"it has a limit†, that he cannot reserve judgement on everyone, and also that Gatsby was â€Å"exempt from my reaction†, following this with how Gatsby â€Å"represented everything for which I have an unaffected scorn†,... ...l of Daisy, either. After all, Nick himself says that â€Å"Dishonesty in a woman is a thing you never blame deeply†, and one can assume that this would also be true for Daisy: Wilson would not have shot Daisy as he does Gatsby: it would appear that his â€Å"romantic readiness† was eventually the cause of his murder. The fact that he was killed by Wilson is deeply ironic: the underdog, the only poor character we see in the novel, running a â€Å"bare†, â€Å"whitewashed† garage under the god-like eyes of â€Å"Doctor T. J Eckleburg†, kills the prosperous, rich, idealistic hero, showing not only the â€Å"disenchantment of the ‘American Dream’†, but also that there really is no place for Jay Gatsbys in the world: the qualities which Nick perceives as â€Å"great† slowly pave the way for his defeat. Was Gatsby â€Å"great†? No, he was simply naively idealistic in a society completely deficient in morality.

How Do You Account for the Rise of the Born Global Essay

Since 1980s, along with the development of economic globalization, there is a new form of enterprise internationalization in the global range which called Born Global enterprises. This type of firm normally engages in significant international activity and promptly starts penetration to the international market from its establishment. But more remarkably, those Born Global firms get involved in international market and participate in international competition without any previous experience. The first purpose of this paper will focus upon the explanation of the reasons for the rise of Born Global based on relevant theoretical studies and characteristics. The second section of this paper provides a selective example of Chinese Born Global firms which focus on explain and analyse the reasons for emergence of Born Global phenomenon and assess the influence and benefits to the development of internationalization on Chinese small and medium-sized enterprise( SMEs). An Explanation of Born Global Characteristics based on Typical Examples The Born Global firm is defined as â€Å"a business organization that, from inception, seeks to derive significant competitive advantages from the use of resources and the sale of outputs in multiple countries† (Oviatt and McDougall, 1994, P. 49). While Knight and Cavusigil (1996) think Born Global refers to those small technology oriented business that engage in operating international markets since it has been in early stage of being established. Therefore, from the stated definitions above, we can get basic characteristics of Born Global. Furthermore, there is a variety of reliable samples for Born Global which reveal that the typical characteristics of Born Global. For instance, History and Heraldry is an England company that specializes in gifts for history buffs and those with English ancestry. History and Heraldry was selling in 60 countries, with exports generating about 70% of total production. The biggest markets the firm target in are France, Germany, Italy, Spain, and the United States (Cavusgil and Knight, 2009). Another example, Cosmos Corporation Inc. s a young company in US that produces telescopes and various optical devices. Cosmos has begun selling its products in Japan and Europe since it has been founded for a few years. Moreover, the firm had expanded its scales to 28 countries around the world soon after that (Knight and Cavusigil, 2009). Thus, from previous examples, we can see that companies conduct international business at or near their founding and have engaged in international business throughout history and gain competitive advantages by seeking a wide range of resources located around the world. Furthermore, Born Global firms are characterized by limited financial and tangible resource. The Reasons for the Rise of Born Global Since the early 1980s, international business rapidly developed which is initially facilitated by the globalization of markets. Historically, the most internationalization business appeared in advanced-economy countries such as North America and Europe, Japan. However firms today increasingly target emerging market, such as Brazil, China, India, Mexico (Wall, Minocha and Rees, 2010). As there are substantial market opportunities even in developing countries, meanwhile companies seek growth via market diversification and gain economies of scale in production and marketing, basically most Born Global firms achieved considerable success in international business early in their development. In the last decades, internationalization was in the field of large multinational enterprises (MNEs), however, globalization trends and high technology have facilitated the emergence of born global firms in recent years. The appearance of plenty of Born Globals helps to reshape the global economy; these firms tend to be formed by entrepreneurs with a strong international outlook and managers regard the world as their marketplace, normally emphasize international market skills. Integration and growing interdependence of national economies have both facilitated. In addition, the national governments tend to reduce trade and investment barriers also facilitated the internationalization of more firms. Therefore, the emergence of Born Global firms becomes an important trend. Secondly, the modern information technology is essentially making company internationalization cost-effective. The internet provides databases, references, and private system which rapidly increased the ability to internationalize and target numerous countries simultaneously (Zou and Cavusgil, 2002). Thirdly, enterprise founders have strong entrepreneurship; this is an important reason for the rise of Born Global enterprises. As the enterprise will face more risks and uncertainty than the omestic market when it enters into international market, therefore, only those with strong entrepreneurship will take risks of internationalized operation and seek various resources to create competitive advantages, and realize international strategy. Again, Enterprise management team with sufficient international management experience and knowledge lay the foundation for the rise of Born Global. Moreover, this would relatively reduce the risks and uncertainty for entering the international market which improve the success probability of international business. Meanwhile, those entrepreneurs are more confident for internationalization, therefore it is naturally for such enterprises choose involved into international market after establishment. Finally, the diversification of products and markets create advantages for the formation of Born Global enterprises (Andersson and Wictor, 2003). Along with the development of economic globalization, the consumers’ demand trend to homogeneity in the world region which makes easier to sell the same products in different countries and regions. The Reasons for Emergence of Born Global Firms –Taking China as an Example There is an example of Zhejiang Born Global firms which indicates the motives of Born Global enterprises. Yang (2007) thought that the entrepreneurship, organizational learning and the enterprises network are the initial causes. Zhao (2004) demonstrated the importance of the global economy, niche market, technology improvement, and the implicit sensitivity. Comparing with the Born Global firms oriented high technology abroad, most Zhejiang Born Globals focus on the traditional industry because of their traditional inheritance. Basically, the motives of Zhejiang Born Global firms is attributed to the unique entrepreneurship, the network of business globally, the precise niche market, and technological development. Firstly, Zhejiang is famous for its private economy in its inception and booming stage, and the innovation is key factor of the Zhejiang entrepreneurship. Moreover, the core competency of Zhejiang is being good at seeking market opportunity and starving for change which create advantages for the formation of Born Global. Above all, the entrepreneurs are scattered in government administrative departments, private owned firms who are talents for Zhejiang economic development, so as lead the small and medium-sized born global enterprise. Secondly, the niche market is crucial for the Zhejiang born global enterprise (Robinson, 1986). As limited natural resource and size, it is difficult for Zhejiang small and medium-sized enterprises to compete with the large scale rivals. Therefore, they normally choose niche market at the early stage and concentrate on international market, then expand their market frontier, afterwards build the competitive barrier, and finally, achieve competitive advantage in global market by stages. Most importantly, these firms focus on the specific industry and reply on the persistence to obtain the profitable market gradually. Thirdly, the previous international management background is very helpful for the Born Global enterprise. Once the firm gets involved into international markets and obtain much international experience, they start to employ top foreign talents to conduct research and development in order to extend the global market within expected period. On the other hand, Zhejiang government provided favorable policy to encourage and attract overseas to start their business in Zhejiang during the last decades, which ensure the firms booming in the international market rapidly. Finally, the Zhejiang Born Global enterprise is famous for its extensive enterprise network which refers to interpersonal relationship (Freeman, Edwards and Schroder, 2006). This kind of relationship network promotes their business. For instance, after contacting with Wenzhou businessman who has settled down abroad, Wenzhou lighter will march into international market and get the most shares in light industry soon, which makes the company dominate comparative advantages over the rivals. Furthermore, Zhejiang Born Global enterprises normally set up overseas industries zone led by powerful firms and attract other enterprises to settle down in order to avoid the marketing risk. However, the Zhejiang Born Global enterprise not only makes full use of current network, but also develop new network to make the global network perfect. Therefore, the more extensive network they have, the more resources they share. Conclusion With the further development of opening up and reform policy, more and more Born Global enterprises have been found in China and many other countries and regions. It is of practical significance to study the characteristics and the reasons for the emergence of Born Global phenomenon, which provide eference for small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) to march the international markets. Furthermore, along with economic globalization and marketing integration, the Born Global enterprises, emerging as a new kind of enterprise, have become popular and attractive recently. Based on the explanation and analysis of Born Global phenomenon above, the main forming reasons of the Born Global including entrepreneurship, niche market, international management experience, and extensive enterprise network. There are crucial factors for the rise of Born Global. China has joined the WTO, economic globalization, consumption personalized and the development of information communication technology which are indicating the business opportunities for small and medium-sized enterprises internationalization. In addition, Chinese government officials and departments are beginning to make policies for supporting the small and medium-sized enterprises (SMEs) internationalization in order to encourage the SMEs engaging in international competition and improving the international competitiveness.